The PM 400 is a robust floor model with 4 grinding stations and accepts grinding jars with a nominal volume from 12 ml to 500 ml. It processes up to 8 samples simultaneously which results in a high sample throughput.
The extremely high centrifugal forces of Planetary Ball Mills result in very high pulverization energy and therefore short grinding times.
The mill is ideally suited for tasks in research like mechanochemistry (co-crystal screening, mechano-synthesis, mechanical alloying and mechanocatalysis), or ultrafine colloidal grinding on a nanometer scale, as well as for routine tasks such as mixing and homogenizing soft, hard, brittle or fibrous materials.
For mechanical alloying of hard-brittle materials, the PM 400 is available in a special “MA” version.
得益于完美符合人体工程学的操作同时，研磨效果也能做到相同的精细程度，出料细度可达纳米级。
Operation of the RETSCH planetary ball mills is particularly safe. They feature a robust Safety Slider which ensures that the mill can only be started after the grinding jar has been securely fixed with a clamping device. The self-acting lock ensures that the jar is seated correctly and securely. This proven solid mechanical system is less failure-prone than electronic solutions - the user has full access to the sample at any time. When the electronic system fails, it is not possible to unlock the jars, for example.
Wet grinding is used to obtain particle sizes below 5 µm, as small particles tend to get charged on their surfaces and agglomerate, which makes further grinding in dry mode difficult. By adding a liquid or dispersant the particles can be kept separated.
To produce very fine particles of 100 nm or less (nano-scale grinding) by wet grinding, friction rather than impact is required. This is achieved by using a large number of small grinding balls which have a large surface and many friction points. The ideal filling level of the jar should consist of 60 % small grinding balls.
For more details on jar filling, wet grinding and sample recovery watch the video.
The video shows wet grinding in the Planetary Ball Mill PM 100.
The graphic shows the result of grinding glass at 360 rpm in the PM 400. After 1 h of pulverization in ethanol with 1 mm grinding balls, the D90 value of the original sample was reduced from 13 µm to 1.6 µm.
Grinding of glass in ethanol with 1 mm grinding balls.
Blue curve: original sample; green curve: pulverized sample after 60 min.
RETSCH Planetary Ball Mills are perfectly suited for processes like mechanical alloying or mechanosynthesis. For most reactions, the 1:-2 speed ratio of jar to sun wheel of the models PM 100 and PM 200 is fully adequate, as the ball charge produces enough impact energy. However, greater energy is required for some reactions. Here the PM 400 MA can be used with the increased speed ratio of 1:-2.5 or 1:-3.
The PM 400 MA with an increased speed ratio of 1:-2.5 or 1:-3.0 is designed specifically for these applications. The optimum speed ratio and all other grinding parameters need be determined by trial and error for a specific product.
With a special adapter, co-crystal screening can be carried out in a planetary ball mill, using disposable vials such as 1.5 ml GC glass vials. The adapter features 24 positions arranged in an outer ring with 16 positions and an inner ring with 8 positions. The outer ring accepts up to 16 vials, allowing for screening up to 64 samples simultaneously when using the Planetary Ball Mill PM 400. The 8 positions of the inner ring are suitable to perform trials with different energy input, e.g. for mechanosynthesis research.
To produce optimum grinding results, the jar size should be adapted to the sample amount to be processed. The grinding balls are ideally sized 3 times bigger than the largest sample piece. Following this rule of thumb, the number of grinding balls for each ball size and jar volume is indicated in the table below. To pulverize, for example, 200 ml of a sample consisting of 7 mm particles, a 500 ml jar and grinding balls sized at least 20 mm or larger are recommended. According to the table, 25 grinding balls are required.
| Grinding jar nominal volume |
样品数量 | 最大进样尺寸 | Recommended ball charge (pieces) | ||||||
| Ø 5 mm | Ø 7 mm | Ø 10 mm | Ø 15 mm | Ø 20 mm | Ø 30 mm | ||||
| 12 ml | 直至 ≤5 ml | <1 mm | 50 | 15 | 5 | - | - | - | |
| 25 ml | 直至 ≤10 ml | <1 mm | 95 – 100 | 25 – 30 | 10 | - | - | - | |
| 50 ml | 5 – 20 ml | <3 mm | 200 | 50 – 70 | 20 | 7 | 3 – 4 | - | |
| 80 ml | 10 – 35 ml | <4 mm | 250 – 330 | 70 – 120 | 30 - 40 | 12 | 5 | - | |
| 125 ml | 15 – 50 ml | <4 mm | 500 | 110 – 180 | 50 – 60 | 18 | 7 | - | |
| 250 ml | 25 – 120 ml | <6 mm | 1100 – 1200 | 220 – 350 | 100 – 120 | 35 – 45 | 15 | 5 | |
| 500 ml | 75 – 220 ml | <10 mm | 2000 | 440 – 700 | 200 – 230 | 70 | 25 | 8 | |
The table shows the recommended charges (in pieces) of differently sized grinding balls in relation to the grinding jar volume, sample amount and maximum feed size.
RETSCH planetary ball mills are perfectly suitable for size reduction of, for example, alloys, bentonite, bones, carbon fibres, catalysts, cellulose, cement clinker, ceramics, charcoal, chemical products, clay minerals, coal, coke, compost, concrete, electronic scrap, fibres, glass, gypsum, hair, hydroxyapatite, iron ore, kaolin, limestone, metal oxides, minerals, ores, paints and lacquers, paper, pigments, plant materials, polymers, quartz, seeds, semi-precious stones, sewage sludge, slag, soils, tissue, tobacco, waste samples, wood, etc.
中硬性, 脆性的: coal
4 x 150 g sample
500 ml stainless steel grinding jar
25 x 20 mm stainless steel grinding balls
2 min at 350 rpm
中硬性, 硬的: PMMA
4 x 130 g sample
500 ml zirconium oxide grinding jar
15 x 25 mm zirconium oxide grinding balls
30 min pre-grinding at 400 rpm
150 x 10 mm zirconium oxide grinding balls
16 h fine-grinding at 300 rpm
硬脆的: 花岗岩
4 x 80 g sample
250 ml agate grinding jar
6 x 30 mm agate grinding balls
15 min at 400 rpm
硬性的: 碳化硅
4 x 400 g sample
500 ml zirconium oxide grinding jar
60 x 15 mm zirconium oxide grinding balls
25 min at 400 rpm
为了找到最好的解决方案，请访问我们的应用数据库。
Our instruments are recognized as the benchmark tools for a wide range of application fields in science and research. This is reflected by the extensive citations in scientific publications. Feel free to download and share the articles provided below.
| 应用 | pulverizing, mixing, homogenizing, colloidal milling, mechanical alloying, mechanosynthesis, nano grinding, co-crystal screening |
| 应用领域 | 农业, 化学, 医药, 地质/冶金, 工程/电子, 建筑材料, 环境/循环, 玻璃/陶瓷, 生物 |
| 样品特征 | 软性, 硬性, 脆性, 纤维质—干或湿 |
| 粉碎原理： | 撞击力，摩擦力 |
| 最大进样尺寸 | < 10 mm |
| 最终出料粒度 * | 用于胶体研磨，出样小于０.１微米 |
| 批次加料量* | 最大 4 x 220 毫升 使用堆叠管时：最大 8 x 20 毫升 |
| 研磨平台数 (可接纳研磨罐数) | 4 / 2 |
| 转速比设定 | 1:-2 / 1:-2.5 / 1:-3 |
| 太阳轮转速 | 30 - 400 min-1 |
| 有效太阳轮直径 | 300 mm |
| 重力 | 26.8 g |
| 研磨罐种类 | EasyFit, optional areation covers, safety closure devices |
| 研磨套件材料： | 硬质刚, 不锈钢, 碳化钨, 玛瑙, 烧结刚玉, 氮化硅, 氧化锆 |
| 研磨罐尺寸 | 12 ml / 25 ml / 50 ml / 80 ml / 125 ml / 250 ml / 500 ml |
| Stackable grinding jars | 12 ml / 25 ml / 50 ml / 80 ml |
| Adapter for single-use glas vials | 24 x 1.5 ml / 7 x 20 ml |
| 粉碎时间设定 | 数字式，00:00:01至99:59:59 |
| 间歇驱动 | 可以，反向转动 |
| 转动时间 | 数字设定 00:00:01 至 99:59:59 |
| 暂停时间 | 数字设定 00:00:01 至 99:59:59 |
| 可存储运行模式 | 10 |
| 能力输入测定 | 是 |
| 串行接口 | RS 232 / RS 485 |
| 驱动 | 带变频器的三相交流电动机 |
| 驱动功率 | 1.5 kW |
| 电源数据： | 不同电压 |
| 电源接头： | 单相 |
| 防护类型 | IP 30 |
| 接受功率 | ~ 2100 W (VA) |
| 机体尺寸（宽x高x纵深） | 836 x 1220 (1900) x 780 mm |
| 净重 | ~ 290 kg |
| 标准 | CE |
| 专利/实用专利 | SafetySlider (DE 202008008473) |
行星式球磨仪的研磨罐位于底部太阳轮的偏心位置。研磨罐绕轴自转，与公共的太阳轮转动方向正好想法，太阳轮与研磨罐的转速比为1：-2（或1：-2.5或1：-3）。
研磨罐中的球在于研磨罐一起运动时受到Coriolis力（即自转偏向力）的叠加影响。研磨罐和研磨球的运动速度之差产生强摩擦力和撞击力，因而释放了大量的动能。
这种撞击和摩擦的组合使得行星式球磨仪研磨时的粉碎度及高。
保留技术变更和出错的权利
Powered by Bioz
